| Larry Cohen "The Larry Report" | |
|---|---|
| Born | July 15, 1941 Kingston, New York, USA |
| Occupation | Producer, Film director, Writer |
Lawrence G. "Larry" Cohen (born July 15, 1941[1]) is an American film producer, director, and screenwriter. He is best known as a B-Movie auteur of horror and science fiction films - often containing a police procedural element - during 1970s and 1980s. He has since concentrated mainly on screenwriting including the Joel Schumacher thriller Phone Booth (2002), Cellular (2004) and Captivity (2007). In 2006 Cohen returned to the directing chair for the Mick Garris-created Masters of Horror TV series (2006); he directed the episode Pick Me Up.[2]
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Cohen was born in Kingston, New York, USA.[1] His sister Ronni Chasen was a publicist who worked with him beginning early in his film career. He moved to the Riverdale, Bronx area of New York City at an early age, and he later majored in Film studies at the City College of New York. He exhibited a voracious appetite for films as a child, visiting the movie theatres at least twice a week and, most of them being Double features, the young Cohen managed to consume at least four movies a week. He was a fan of the Hardboiled and Film noir movies that featured actors such as Humphrey Bogart and James Cagney; films that were penned by the likes of Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett. Cohen was especially a fan of director Michael Curtiz, whose films include The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, and Dodge City. His own career in film began during the 1950s when he worked for NBC television network: it was while working at NBC that he learned how to produce teleplays and, shortly after, began writing his own television scripts. He solely created the TV series The Invaders and also scripted episodes of The Defenders and The Fugitive.[3]
Cohen began his career as a writer for well-known television series, concentrating his efforts on - but not limiting them to - the crime and detective genres. He penned several episodes of The Defenders (1964) - which starred E.G. Marshall - one episode of the Espionage) (1964), and episodes of The Fugitive (1964-5). Other writing credits during the 1960s included the fantasy-suspense anthologies Kraft Television Theatre (1958) and Kraft Suspense Theatre (1965), the espionage TV series Coronet Blue (1967) starring Frank Converse, and the science fiction TV series, The Invaders (1967-8). In 1966 he wrote the screenplay to the western film Return of the Seven aka Return of the Magnificent Seven, a sequel to the original film, which saw the return of Yul Brynner as gunslinger Chris Adams. He also created the western TV series Branded (1965–1966).[2]
Although Cohen continued to write TV and film scripts during the 1970s - such as Columbo - he further turned his hand to directing. His directorial debut was the comedy film Bone starring Yaphet Kotto, aka Beverly Hills Nightmare, Dial Rat for Terror and Housewife. In 1974 he directed the horror film It's Alive, about a mutant monster baby that embarks on a killing spree. The film - an initial commercial failure - was re-released with a new and sharper advertisement campaign; it went onto earn over $7 million for Warner Bros. and spawn two sequels.[4] Cohen followed-up It's Alive with the science fiction-serial killer film God Told Me To (1976), in which a New York detective investigates a spate of killings by apparently random people who say that God told them to commit the crimes. He would concentrate his work - predominantly - within the horror genre throughout the 1970s and 1980s, although often incorporating elements of crime, police procedural, and science fiction.[2]
During the 1980s, Cohen directed, produced, and scripted a number of low-budget horror films, many of which featured actor Michael Moriarty. The first was Q - aka Q: The Winged Serpent (1982) - about an Aztec god - Quetzalcoatl or The Winged Serpent - resurrected and nesting atop the Chrysler Building. The film is typically set in New York and sees two police detectives investigating a spate of killings in the city. The cast is headed by Moriarty and co-stars David Carradine, Candy Clark, Richard Roundtree, and James Dixon (another Cohen regular). Cohen's next project with Moriarty was The Stuff (1985) in which an alien substance of sorts is found bubbling out of the ground. The Stuff is marketed at the general public, who rapidly become addicted to it. David 'Mo' Rutheford - an industrial saboteur - played by Michael Moriarty - is hired to investigate the origins of The Stuff and to then destroy the product. The film co-stars Danny Aiello, Brian Bloom, Scott Bloom, Andrea Marcovicci, Patrick O'Neal, and Paul Sorvino. Saturday Night Live regular, Garrett Morris, plays Charle W. Hobbs aka 'Chocolate Chip Charlie', a junk food mogul who assists 'Mo' with his investigation. Cohen cast Moriarty in It's Alive 3: Island of the Alive (1987) - the third part of the Alive Trilogy - and again in A Return to Salem's Lot (1987), the unofficial sequel to Stephen King's novel and TV miniseries, Salem's Lot. See Salem's Lot (1979 TV miniseries). Cohen finished the 1980s with Wicked Stepmother (1989), in which the late Bette Davis made her last appearance.[2]
Cohen began the 1990s with his film The Ambulance (1990) starring Eric Roberts. The film is set in New York City and is focused on Josh Baker (Roberts), an aspiring comic book artist, who investigates a string of disappearances: people who are picked up by a mysterious ambulance never reach the city hospital. The Ambulance features cameos by Stan Lee, Larry Hama and Jim Salicrup of Marvel Comics. He would direct only two other films during the 1990s, one being the Blaxploitation film Original Gangstas (1996), featuring Ron O'Neal, Pam Grier, and Fred Williamson. For most of the decade, Cohen concentrated on writing. He penned the remainder of the William Lustig Maniac Cop Trilogy - he had previously scripted Maniac Cop in 1988 - that features Robert Z'Dar as undead Maniac Cop, Matt Cordell, and B-Movie horror actor Bruce Campbell. He then provided the story to the third adaptation of Jack Finney's 1955 science fiction novel, The Body Snatchers, a tale of alien invasion and paranoia: Body Snatchers was directed by Abel Ferrara and starred Forest Whitaker. Throughout the decade Cohen was further involved in various TV projects including NYPD Blue and the Ed McBain-inspired 87th Precinct: Heatwave. He also served as producer on the John Candy comedy Delirious (1991).[2]
Cohen's output after the 1990s was less prolific and concentrated solely on scriptwriting, except for a brief return to directing with the Masters of Horror episode "Pick Me Up" (2006). His first project, Phone Booth (2002), became involved in a Hollywood bidding war, the script eventually ending up in the hands of Joel Schumacher.[5] Phone Booth was a commercial success with an estimated budget of $13 million and a worldwide gross of $98 million.[6] The film starred Colin Farrell, Katie Holmes, Kiefer Sutherland, and Forest Whitaker; it was produced by David Zucker. His next film - another action-crime thriller titled Cellular (2004) - also featured phones and - like Phone Booth - it was a modest commercial success with an estimated budget of $25 million and a gross worldwide return of $50 million.[7] Cellular starred Kim Basinger, William H. Macy, and Jason Statham. Cellular was later re-made as Connected (2008), Cohen being credited with the story. He then scripted the horror-thriller films Captivity (2007) and Messages Deleted (2009); however, both films fared poorly on a critical and commercial level.[8][9] Cohen nevertheless received acclaim for the above-mentioned Pick Me Up, which he directed for the Mick Garris TV series Masters of Horror (2006). The episode was written by splatterpunk-horror author David Schow, and starred Cohen regular Michael Moriarty.[2]
Cohen created the It's Alive series in 1974 when he made the film It's Alive. The film was eventually a moderate success - after a re-vamped advertising campaign[4] - and went on to spawn two sequels, It's Alive II: It Lives Again (1978) and It's Alive III: Island of the Alive (1987).[10][11][12]
It's Alive (1974) tells of a young couple - Frank and Lenore Davis - who give birth to a mutated baby. The doctors and nurses at the hospital attempt to end the life of the deformed child but it instead manages to kill them and escape. A police manhunt follows as the mutation flees, leaving dead bodies in its wake. Frank sees the child just as Dr. Frankenstein saw his monster and decides to assist the poilce with their manhunt. The emphasis in It's Alive is on chemicals in our system that can prove harmful to unborn babies. The score for It's Alive was composed by Bernard Herrmann, famous for his contributions to many Alfred Hitchcock films, including Psycho, North by Northwest, and Vertigo. The cast includes John P. Ryan, Sharon Farrell, James Dixon, and Andrew Duggan.[13]
It Lives Again (1978) picks up pretty much where the first one ended. The Davises' mutated baby has now been caught and killed; but, more are appearing around the country. Frank has now joined a renegade mob who are attempting to stop the government from killing these strange mutations. The emphasis in It Lives Again is on accepting your child, even if he or she is born with deformities or other physical or psychological problems. The score is again provided by Bernard Herrmann. The cast includes John P. Ryan, James Dixon, Andrew Duggan, and Frederic Forrest.[14]
Cohen recruited Michael Moriarty for Island of the Alive (1987), an actor who had previously starred in Cohen's Q (1982) and The Stuff (1985), and was also filming A Return to Salem's Lot with Cohen that same year. The mutated babies have since been placed on a desert island following a court order. However, the person responsible for them, Jarvis (Michael Moriarty), decides to lead an expedition to free the children. Cast includes Laurene Landon of Maniac Cop, and James Dixon returns as Lt. Perkins.[12]
Joseph Rusnak remade Cohen's film, It's Alive, in 2008.[15] Still awaiting a score on Rotten Tomatoes, the existing reviews are also very poor.[16] Even Cohen has admitted that the remake is 'dreadful'[17] and states: 'It’s a terrible picture. It’s just beyond awful'.[18] Cohen offered his 1974 script, but remarks that it was completely ignored: 'I would advise anybody who likes my film to cross the street and avoid seeing the new enchilada'.[18]
Cohen's script for Phone Booth ended up in a bidding war in 2002. The script eventually went to director Joel Schumacher (The Lost Boys), who cast Colin Farrell, Kiefer Sutherland, and Forest Whitaker in lead roles. Although the film was completed in 2002, its release date was delayed due to the Beltway sniper attacks. It was eventually released in 2003.[19]
In 2003, Cohen, together with production partner Martin Poll was at the center of a lawsuit against 20th Century Fox, claiming the company had intentionally plagiarized a script of theirs titled Cast of Characters in order to create the Sean Connery-starring League of Extraordinary Gentlemen film in 2003. According to the BBC, the lawsuit alleged 'that Mr Cohen and Mr Poll pitched the idea to Fox several times between 1993 and 1996, under the name Cast of Characters.' [20][21][22] The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen was an adaptation of the 1999 published comic book series by Alan Moore and artist Kevin O'Neill.[23]
In 2006, Cohen was included in the Masters of Horror TV anthology, which also included - but was not limited to - writers and directors as diverse as Dario Argento, Clive Barker, John Carpenter, Richard Chizmar, Don Coscarelli, Wes Craven, David Cronenberg, Joe Dante, Guillermo Del Toro, Ernest Dickerson, Stuart Gordon, James Gunn, Sam Hamm, Tom Holland, Tobe Hooper, Lloyd Kaufman, Mary Lambert, John Landis, Joe R. Lansdale, Bentley Little, H.P. Lovecraft, Joe Lynch, William Lustig, Peter Medak, Lucky McKee, Kat O’ Shea, Robert Rodriguez, Eli Roth, David Schow, and Tim Sullivan. It was created by Mick Garris for the Showtime cable network.[24] Cohen's contribution was the segment Pick Me Up,[25] based on a short story by David Schow, who also wrote the teleplay.[26] It stars Fairuza Balk and Cohen regulars Laurene Landon and Michael Moriarty. Pick Me Up is the story of woman travelling on a bus that has broken down along a stretch of lonely two-lane blacktop. Enter two serial killers: Wheeler (Moriarty), a driver who picks up hitchhikers with the sole intent of killing them - and - Walker (Warren Kole), a hitchhiker who accepts lifts in order to find his victims. The two killers pair up and inventively murder all the passengers on the bus, save for Stacia (Balk), who has since gone her own way. Stacia eventually winds up in the middle of a serial killer turf war, a war over which killer will get her first.[27] Pick Me Up signalled a brief return to the director's chair for Cohen.
Critical response to Cohen's work has been extremely varied, reviews ranging from good to poor.
Cohen's science fiction horror film and satirical social commentary, The Stuff (1985), has garnered mixed reviews, often being compared to Jack Finney's The Body Snatchers novel and the 1958 film, The Blob. It has a moderate fresh rating of 63% on Rotten Tomatoes.[28] The Apollo Movie Guide remark that The Stuff works 'on a purely visceral level' and that it further achieves a 'tongue-in-cheek social parody' of a society that cannot help buying into the latest craze. Although Apollo praise the juxtaposition of Cohen's clever screenplay and Michael Moriarty's performance, they state that the film is 'no classic'. They do, however, award the film a modest Apollo Rating of 77/100.[29] The Chicago Sun-Times, on the other hand, see The Stuff as 'a widely ambitious movie that fails' mainly due to 'distracting glitches' and a lack of plausibility: 'what we have here are a lot of nice touches in search of a movie'. Chicago Sun-Times rating: 1 1/2 stars out of 5.[30] Bloody Disgusting nevertheless award The Stuff with 3 stars out of 5, pointing out both the good and the bad: '[i]t's smart, it's relevant and it has some bad acting' and that it should be 'enjoyed for all the wrong and some of the right reasons' that it is '[..] not just a horror movie, but a very honest and important movie as well'.[31]
His fantasy horror, Q aka Q: The Winged Serpent' (1982) has a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 61%.[32] TV Guide praise Cohen for his intelligence, creativity and originality and further comment that '[Cohen] successfully combines a film noir crime story with a good old-fashioned giant monster movie' and that 'Michael Moriarty turns in a brilliant performance as Jimmy Quinn [...]'.[33] Horror author and movie critic, Kim Newman, praises Cohen's plot originality and canny use of characters in Empire, pointing out the director's use of an oddball as lead - Jimmy Quinn - who would ordinarily be a secondary character or warrant solely a cameo appearance; Newman also explains how Cohen has relegated all the usual plot devices - in movies such as King Kong - to the background.[34] Alternatively, the Chicago Reader, although viewing Cohen's monster movie as 'cheesy' and 'fun', ultimately condemns the movie as being 'curiously disengaged and sloppy'.[35] The New York Times, following the film's opening day at the Rivoli Theater (Indianapolis, Indiana), had just 'a few words - only a very few - about Q, offering a brief neutral synopsis and a couple of quotes.[36] Variety are more favourable, focusing on Cohen's 'wild' and 'bizarre' - albeit realistic - efforts: Q has great fun mixing realistic settings with political satire and a wild yarn'. They go on to say that the film belongs to both Moriarty and the Monster.[37]
It's Alive, the first part of Cohen's horror trilogy featuring a mutated baby that kills its prey when trapped or frightened, holds a rating of 67% on Rotten Tomatoes, one of the highest rated Cohen films from the latter. Focusing on the social context of the film at the time, The Film Journal points out that It's Alive 'carries a potent mix of both suspense and social critique [...] [i]nvoking such taboo subjects as abortion as early as 1974'. As well as being apt at providing 'suspense', The Film Journal acknowledge Cohen's ability 'to impart an intelligent nature to his otherwise pulpy horror films'.[38] Black Hole magazine say that despite a lack of A-List actors and special effects, It's Alive still manages to maintain the viewers interest due to Cohen's 'unique horror concept and a script rich in ideas'. Black Hole nevertheless points out that '[w]hile the drama is consistent, it's less successful as a seventies monster movie, and especially lacking now': whereas Jaws (1975) revealed the shark slowly, Cohen's film 'barely ever shows us the goods'. The magazine does agree, however, that It's Alive was 'a sufficiently powerful monster movie and [that] audiences wanted more'.[39] Filmcritic draws attention to the humour element, especially the scenes where the Baby-Monster is rustling in the bushes, unseen, comparing them to the scene in Basket Case (1982) when the Baby-Monster is stuffed into a garbage sack after being cut away from its human twin. Basket Case is indeed a part of another - later - Baby-Monster horror trilogy. In short, Filmcritic says that Cohen's film should not be confused with art; and yet, it is 'pretty scary stuff' that 'manages a few neat tricks'.[40]
God Told Me To aka Demon (1976), Cohen's science fiction thriller, has a rating of 75% on Rotten Tomatoes, making it Cohen's most successful directorial effort, critically. The film, in which a number of New York citizens embark on a killing spree because God Told Them To, is called 'one of his most ambitious movies' that is 'cemented in an interesting idea' by QNetwork Entertainment, who find Cohen's ideology of the existence of God interesting: 'cynical at best' and 'sacrilegious at worst'. The magazine continues, however, to comment on Cohen's lack of patience and drive when completing his movies, regarding the end products as being 'hastily thrown-together' and 'a mosaic of scenes, rather than a satisfying whole'. In conclusion QNetwork give the film an even 2 1/2 stars for being the 'clumsiest and most entertaining schlock of the last 20 years'.[41] CinePassion online magazine simply state: '[a] work of genius, in other words, possibly the Cohen joint that brims with the most all-pervasive invention and danger, as radical a Seventies 'incoherent text' as Taxi Driver and a clear linchpin of The X-Files'.[42] The Chicago Sun-Times sees Cohen's incoherent text in a different light, likening the film to a cinematic version of the card game 52 Pickup: 'the movie does achieve greatness in another way: this is the most confused feature-length film [...] ever seen'.[43] But Time Out applaud Cohen for offering 'the perfect existential anti-hero' in New York cop, Lo Bianco, in a film that 'overflows with such perverse and subversive notions that no amount of shoddy editing and substandard camerawork can conceal [it's] unusual qualities' and that by '[d]igging deep into the psyche of American manhood, it lays bare the guilt-ridden oppressions of a soulless society'.[44]
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